Anniversary of:
• Humphrey Gilbert claiming Newfoundland for the British crown, the first English colony in North America and the beginning of the British Empire (1583)
• the Indian government announcing it would change the status of Indian-controlled Kashmir from a state to a union territory (2019)

• the birthdays of Joseph Merrick aka ‘The Elephant Man’ (1862), former PM Harold Holt (1908) first man on the moon, Neil Armstrong (1930)
• the deaths of Marilyn Monroe (1962) and Toni Morrison (2019)